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{"id":8282,"date":"2022-04-07T00:00:03","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T03:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innertreeidiomas.com\/?p=8282"},"modified":"2022-08-14T20:40:10","modified_gmt":"2022-08-14T23:40:10","slug":"financial-reports-os-100-principais-termos-em-ingles-parte-3-4-the-income-statement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/innertreeidiomas.com\/financial-reports-os-100-principais-termos-em-ingles-parte-3-4-the-income-statement\/","title":{"rendered":"Financial Reports: os 100 principais termos em ingl\u00eas – Parte 3\/4 – The Income Statement"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A se\u00e7\u00e3o <\/span><\/i>Business English <\/i><\/b>\u00e9 uma se\u00e7\u00e3o de artigos em que mostramos o vocabul\u00e1rio utilizado no mundo corporativo. Alguns artigos s\u00e3o de n\u00edvel intermedi\u00e1rio e trazem um vocabul\u00e1rio de natureza mais geral, geralmente utilizado em reuni\u00f5es, entrevistas, etc. Outros artigos s\u00e3o de n\u00edvel avan\u00e7ado e trazem um vocabul\u00e1rio mais t\u00e9cnico, como o vocabul\u00e1rio utilizado por financistas, contadores, marketeiros, etc.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Este artigo \u00e9 o <\/span>terceiro <\/b>de uma s\u00e9rie de <\/span>quatro <\/b>artigos<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sobre termos relacionados aos <\/span>financial reports<\/b> (demonstrativos financeiros). <\/span>Estes artigos s\u00e3o voltados para todos os profissionais que precisam trabalhar direta ou indiretamente com termos relacionados aos relat\u00f3rios\/demonstrativos financeiros. Contadores, economistas, financistas, investidores, analistas, jornalistas, advogados, etc. utilizam esses termos quando precisam ler e interpretar relat\u00f3rios e an\u00e1lises em ingl\u00eas que usam estes termos ou mesmo quando precisam produzir esses relat\u00f3rios e an\u00e1lises em ingl\u00eas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ao total, trazemos mais de 100 termos em ingl\u00eas que s\u00e3o comumente usados em demonstrativos financeiros, relat\u00f3rios, an\u00e1lises e not\u00edcias relacionadas ao desempenho financeiro das empresas em um per\u00edodo de tempo ou ao retrato patrimonial da empresa em um determinado ponto no tempo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Neste terceiro artigo, ap\u00f3s a apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o dos termos mais globais dos demonstrativos financeiros no <\/span>primeiro artigo<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0e a apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o dos termos mais espec\u00edficos de um Balance Sheet no <\/span>segundo artigo<\/strong><\/a>, apresentamos os termos mais espec\u00edficos de um Income Statement (Demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o do Resultado de Exerc\u00edcio). O objetivo deste terceiro artigo \u00e9 que os leitores consigam ler e entender os termos t\u00edpicos de um Income Statement. Ao todo, s\u00e3o 38 termos apresentados neste terceiro artigo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ap\u00f3s a se\u00e7\u00e3o com o vocabul\u00e1rio e os conceitos dos termos utilizados em um Income Statement, temos um exemplo de Income Statement para que o leitor possa se familiarizar com o formato deste relat\u00f3rio financeiro. Depois temos uma se\u00e7\u00e3o em separado com frases em que esses termos s\u00e3o usados. Fazer suas pr\u00f3prias frases utilizando o vocabul\u00e1rio estudado \u00e9 importante para a memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o das palavras e tamb\u00e9m para a internaliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos conceitos t\u00e9cnicos por tr\u00e1s dessas palavras. Por \u00faltimo, ao final do artigo, trazemos uma lista em ordem alfab\u00e9tica dos termos estudados aqui.<\/span><\/p>\n

No <\/span>quarto artigo<\/a><\/strong>, apresentamos os termos mais espec\u00edficos de um Cash Flow Statement (Demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o de Fluxo de Caixa – DFC). O objetivo deste terceiro artigo \u00e9 que os leitores consigam ler e entender os termos t\u00edpicos de um Cash Flow Statement. Ao final deste <\/span>quarto artigo<\/a><\/strong>, apresentamos um exemplo deste relat\u00f3rio em ingl\u00eas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. The income statement<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

O <\/span>Income Statement<\/b><\/span> (Demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o do Resultado de Exerc\u00edcio – DRE) \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m conhecido em ingl\u00eas pelos termos <\/span>Profit and Loss Statement<\/b><\/span> e <\/span>Statement of Revenue and Expense<\/b><\/span>. O objetivo do <\/span>Income Statement <\/b><\/span>\u00e9 apresentar as receitas (<\/span>Revenues<\/b><\/span>), custos (<\/span>Expenses<\/b><\/span>) e lucro l\u00edquido (<\/span>Net Income<\/b><\/span>) em um determinado per\u00edodo de tempo. Ou seja, o objetivo do Income Statement \u00e9 mostrar o desempenho da empresa em um per\u00edodo de tempo, ao contr\u00e1rio do Balance Sheet, que mostra como est\u00e1 a empresa do ponto de vista patrimonial em um determinado ponto no tempo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A conta <\/span>Revenues<\/b><\/span> pode ser dividida em dois grupos: <\/span>Operating Revenues<\/b><\/span> and <\/span>Non-Operating Revenues<\/b><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Como o pr\u00f3prio nome diz, as <\/span>Operating Revenues<\/b><\/span> diz respeito \u00e0s receitas provenientes das opera\u00e7\u00f5es da empresa, dos produtos ou servi\u00e7os que ela oferece. O que chamamos de <\/span>Non-Operating Revenues <\/b><\/span>diz respeito \u00e0s receitas provenientes de atividades que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o do business da empresa, por exemplo os juros que a empresa pode receber de alguma conta banc\u00e1ria de sua propriedade, do aluguel de algum im\u00f3vel que seja alugado, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As receitas tamb\u00e9m podem ser divididas em receitas brutas (<\/span>gross revenues<\/b><\/span>) e receitas l\u00edquidas (<\/span>net revenues<\/b><\/span>). A principal diferen\u00e7a entre \u201cgross revenue\u201d e \u201cnet revenue\u201d \u00e9 o <\/span>Cost of Goods Sold [COGS] <\/b><\/span>(Custo dos Bens Vendidos). Se um produto \u00e9 vendido por 100 d\u00f3lares, o \u201cgross revenue\u201d ser\u00e1 de 100 d\u00f3lares. Se o custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o for de 80 d\u00f3lares, dizemos que o \u201cnet revenue\u201d desse produto \u00e9 de 20 d\u00f3lares.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Para o setor de varejo (<\/span>retail sector<\/b><\/span>), uma medida comum que os investidores usam para avaliar o desempenho das vendas \u00e9 o chamado \u201c<\/span>same-store sales ratio<\/b><\/span>\u201d (SSS ratio). Esta medida \u00e9 utilizada para separar as receitas provenientes apenas das lojas abertas h\u00e1 pelo menos um ano (ou dois anos). Ou seja, as vendas provenientes de lojas rec\u00e9m-abertas s\u00e3o retiradas do c\u00e1lculo para analisar de onde veio o crescimento das vendas, qual parte veio de lojas rec\u00e9m-abertas e qual parte veio de lojas antigas. Isso \u00e9 importante para analisar o qu\u00e3o org\u00e2nico foi o crescimento das receitas da empresa.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Analogamente, a conta <\/span>Expenses <\/b><\/span>pode ser dividida em dois grupos: <\/span>Primary Expenses<\/b><\/span> and <\/span>Secondary Expenses<\/b><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As despesas conhecidas como <\/span>Primary Expenses<\/b><\/span> s\u00e3o aquelas que s\u00e3o incorridas no processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o do produto\/servi\u00e7o que a empresa oferece: por exemplo, <\/span>Cost of Goods Sold [COGS] <\/b><\/span>(Custo dos Bens Vendidos); <\/span>Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [SG&A]<\/b><\/span> (Despesas Administrativas, de Vendas e Gerais); <\/span>Depreciation or Amortization <\/b><\/span>(Deprecia\u00e7\u00e3o e Amortiza\u00e7\u00e3o); <\/span>Research and Development [R&D]<\/b><\/span> (Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento); etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As despesas conhecidas como <\/span>Secondary Expenses <\/b><\/span>s\u00e3o aquelas que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o incorridas diretamente no processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o do produto\/servi\u00e7o que a empresa oferece: por exemplo, <\/span>Interest Paid on Loans\/Debts<\/b><\/span> (Juros Pagos sobre Empr\u00e9stimos\/D\u00edvidas);<\/span> Loss on Sale of Assets<\/b><\/span> (Perdas de Vendas de Ativos), etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9 comum que o Income Statement tenha alguns subtotais que s\u00e3o \u00fateis para os investidores analisarem a efici\u00eancia de uma empresa. Entre estes subtotais, os principais s\u00e3o os seguintes: <\/span>Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization – EBITDA<\/b><\/span>, que seria o Lucro Antes de Juros, Imposto de Renda Deprecia\u00e7\u00e3o e Amortiza\u00e7\u00e3o; <\/span>Earnings Before Interest and Taxes – EBIT<\/b><\/span>, que seria o Lucro Antes de Juros e Imposto de Renda – LAJIR, e <\/span>Earnings Before Taxes – EBT<\/b><\/span>, que seria o Lucro Antes do Imposto de Renda – LAIR.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A linha final de um Income Statement diz respeito ao Lucro L\u00edquido (<\/span>Net Income<\/b><\/span>). Em ingl\u00eas, podemos chamar esta \u00faltima linha de <\/span>Bottom Line<\/b><\/span>. Neste contexto, a <\/span>Bottom Line <\/b><\/span>se refere ao Lucro L\u00edquido. Ele \u00e9 chamado assim porque ele est\u00e1 na \u00faltima linha da sequ\u00eancia de medidas desse relat\u00f3rio financeiro. Outra medida muito comum encontrada neste demonstrativo financeiro \u00e9 o <\/span>Earnings per Share (EPS)<\/b><\/span>, que nada mais \u00e9 do que o Lucro L\u00edquido (<\/span>Net Income<\/b><\/span>) dividido pelo n\u00famero de \u201ca\u00e7\u00f5es em circula\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d (<\/span>outstanding shares<\/b><\/span>) [em portugu\u00eas, falamos <\/span>Lucro por A\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b> (LPA) <\/b><\/span>– <\/span>Earnings per Share (EPS)<\/b><\/span>].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O percentual do \u201c<\/span>net income<\/b><\/span>\u201d destinado para distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de \u201c<\/span>dividends<\/b><\/span>\u201d \u00e9 chamado em ingl\u00eas de \u201c<\/span>payout<\/b><\/span>\u201d ou \u201c<\/span>payout ratio<\/b><\/span>\u201d. Em portugu\u00eas, tamb\u00e9m se costuma usar o termo \u201cpayout\u201d, emprestado do ingl\u00eas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9m podemos falar de \u201clucro l\u00edquido\u201d (<\/span>net income<\/b><\/span>)\/(<\/span>net profit<\/b><\/span>) e \u201clucro bruto\u201d (<\/span>gross income<\/b><\/span>)\/(<\/span>gross profit<\/b><\/span>). No contexto de empresas, \u201c<\/span>gross income<\/b><\/span>\u201d \u00e9 definida como \u201crevenues\u201d depois de subtrair o Cost of Goods Sold. O \u201c<\/span>net income<\/b><\/span>\u201d seria a renda da empresa depois de subtrair das receitas todos os custos, incluindo os impostos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9m temos dois tipos de margem de lucro (<\/span>profit margin<\/b><\/span>): margem de lucro bruta (<\/span>gross profit margin<\/b><\/span>) e margem de lucro l\u00edquida (<\/span>net profit margin<\/b><\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Uma medida muito usada pelos investidores para analisar a atratividade de uma empresa \u00e9 o \u00edndice (<\/span>ratio<\/b><\/span>) conhecido como P\/E ratio (<\/span>price to earnings ratio<\/b><\/span>). Em portugu\u00eas, chamamos este \u00edndice de P\/L (pre\u00e7o por lucro). O \u201cP\u201d (price) se refere ao pre\u00e7o de mercado das a\u00e7\u00f5es. O \u201cE\u201d (earnings) se refere ao lucro l\u00edquido anual por a\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Na figura abaixo, retirada de um artigo do Investopedia<\/a><\/span>, podemos observar um exemplo de Income Statement:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Income
Income Statement<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. Sentences<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

There are different amortization methodologies, so investors need to be careful.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existem diferentes metodologias de amortiza\u00e7\u00e3o, ent\u00e3o os investidores precisam estar atentos.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Some investors believe the bottom line is the most important factor to analyse.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alguns investidores acham que o lucro l\u00edquido \u00e9 o fator mais importante para se analisar.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The net revenue decreased because the COGS increased.<\/span><\/p>\n

As receitas l\u00edquidas diminu\u00edram porque o custo dos bens vendidos aumentou.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Investors need to analyse the expenses thoroughly to understand where the money is going to.<\/span><\/p>\n

Os investidores precisam analisar as despesas com profundidade para entender para onde o dinheiro est\u00e1 indo.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Some investors prefer the P\/E ratio, while others prefer to analyse other financial ratios.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alguns investidores preferem o \u00edndice P\/L, enquanto outros preferem analisar outros \u00edndices financeiros.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The rate of interest paid by the company can vary over time.<\/span><\/p>\n

A taxa de juros pagos pela empresa pode variar ao longo do tempo.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The company has just issued its annual income statement.<\/span><\/p>\n

A empresa acabou de emitir sua Demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o de Resultado do Exerc\u00edcio.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The revenues have increased by 15%, but the net income has decreased by 5%.<\/span><\/p>\n

As receitas cresceram 15%, mas o lucro l\u00edquido caiu 5%.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This increase in the secondary expenses shows that the company may be losing efficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n

Este aumento nas despesas secund\u00e1rias mostra que a empresa pode estar perdendo efici\u00eancia.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In some sectors, the net profit margin is very low, near to 1%.<\/span><\/p>\n

Em alguns setores, a margem de lucro l\u00edquida \u00e9 muito baixa, pr\u00f3xima de 1%.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. Lista de Palavras<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

amortization \u21d2 amortiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n

bottom line \u21d2 lucro l\u00edquido<\/span><\/p>\n

Cost of Goods Sold [COGS] \u21d2 Custo dos Bens Vendidos<\/span><\/p>\n

depreciation \u21d2 deprecia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization – EBITDA \u21d2 Lucro Antes de Juros, Imposto de Renda Deprecia\u00e7\u00e3o e Amortiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n

Earnings Before Interest and Taxes – EBIT \u21d2 Lucro Antes de Juros e Imposto de Renda – LAJIR<\/span><\/p>\n

Earnings Before Taxes – EBT \u21d2 Lucro Antes do Imposto de Renda – LAIR.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Earnings per Share (EPS) \u21d2 Lucro por A\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

expenses \u21d2 custos<\/span><\/p>\n

gross profit margin \u21d2 margem de lucro bruta\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

gross profit \u21d2 lucro bruto<\/span><\/p>\n

gross revenues \u21d2 receitas brutas<\/span><\/p>\n

income statement \u21d2 demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o do resultado do exerc\u00edcio – DRE<\/span><\/p>\n

Interest Paid on Loans\/Debts \u21d2 Juros Pagos sobre Empr\u00e9stimos\/D\u00edvidas<\/span><\/p>\n

Loss on Sale of Assets \u21d2 Perdas de Vendas de Ativos<\/span><\/p>\n

loss \u21d2 preju\u00edzo<\/span><\/p>\n

net income \u21d2 lucro l\u00edquido<\/span><\/p>\n

net profit margin \u21d2 margem de lucro l\u00edquida<\/span><\/p>\n

net profit \u21d2 lucro l\u00edquido<\/span><\/p>\n

net revenues \u21d2 receitas l\u00edquidas<\/span><\/p>\n

non-operating revenues \u21d2 receitas n\u00e3o-operacionais<\/span><\/p>\n

operating revenues \u21d2 receitas operacionais<\/span><\/p>\n

outstanding shares \u21d2 a\u00e7\u00f5es em circula\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n

payout \u21d2 payout<\/span><\/p>\n

price to earnings ratio \u21d2 \u00edndice P\/E<\/span><\/p>\n

primary expenses \u21d2 despesas prim\u00e1rias<\/span><\/p>\n

profit and loss statement = income statement<\/span><\/p>\n

profit \u21d2 lucro<\/span><\/p>\n

profit margin \u21d2 margem de lucro<\/span><\/p>\n

ratio \u21d2 \u00edndice\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Research and Development [R&D] \u21d2 Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento<\/span><\/p>\n

retail rector \u21d2 setor de varejo<\/span><\/p>\n

revenues \u21d2 receitas<\/span><\/p>\n

same-store sales \u21d2 vendas nas mesmas lojas<\/span><\/p>\n

secondary expenses \u21d2 despesas secund\u00e1rias<\/span><\/p>\n

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [SG&A] \u21d2 Despesas Administrativas, de Vendas e Gerais<\/span><\/p>\n

statement of revenue and expense = income statement<\/span><\/p>\n

taxes \u21d2 impostos<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  A se\u00e7\u00e3o Business English \u00e9 uma se\u00e7\u00e3o de artigos em que mostramos o vocabul\u00e1rio utilizado no mundo corporativo. 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